Editing Openai/6946f4fa-e8bc-800b-b77e-c62f6390a97c (section)

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===== EN =====
Which of the following statements about the 1s orbital of krypton is true?

中
下列哪一個關於 氪（Kr）原子 1s 軌域 的敘述是正確的？

a. It has higher energy than the 4p orbital
b. It is farther from the nucleus than the 4p orbital
c. It is much lower in energy than the valence orbitals
d. It can hold more than two electrons
e. It is the largest orbital in krypton

===== - 1s 軌域是所有軌域中： - 能量最低 - 最靠近原子核 - 只能容納 2 個電子 =====

===== - Kr 是重元素，但 1s 永遠是最內層 =====
* 能量遠低於價電子所在的 4s、4p
* 不能容納超過 2 個電子

===== ✅ c. It is much lower in energy than the valence orbitals =====

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EN
For a hydrogen atom in the 3s orbital, how many nodal planes and radial nodes are present?

中
氫原子位於 3s 軌域時，有幾個節面（nodal planes）'''與'''徑向節點（radial nodes）？

===== - 節面數（角節點）： =l= l=l =====
* 徑向節點數： =n−l−1= n - l - 1=n−l−1

===== - 3s → n = 3, l = 0 =====
* 節面數 = 0
* 徑向節點 = 3 − 0 − 1 = 2

===== ✅ 0 nodal planes, 2 radial nodes =====

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EN
How many electrons can have the following sets of quantum numbers?

中
符合下列量子數條件的電子最多有多少個？

===== a. n = 3 =====
→ 一個殼層最多容納

2n2=182n^2 = 182n2=18
✅ 18

b. n = 2, l = 0
→ 2s 軌域，1 個軌域
→ 2 電子
✅ 2

c. n = 3, l = 3
→ 不合法（l ≤ n−1）
✅ 0

d. n = 4, l = 1, mₗ = 0
→ 1 個 p 軌域
→ 2 電子
但題目隱含限制旋量
✅ 1

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EN
Which atom has the larger second ionization energy, Na or Mg?

中
哪一個原子的第二游離能較大？Na 還是 Mg？

===== - Na： - 第一電子移除後 → 已達稀有氣體組態 =====
* Mg： - 第二電子仍來自 3s

===== - Na 第二次游離 → 破壞穩定核心 =====
* Mg 第二次游離 → 尚未破壞核心

===== ✅ Na =====

==== ### ====

EN
Which ion has the larger radius, Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺?

中
哪一個離子的半徑較大？Fe²⁺ 還是 Fe³⁺？

===== : =====

===== - Fe²⁺ 少一個正電 =====
* 對電子吸引力較弱
* 半徑較大

===== ✅ Fe²⁺ =====

==== ### ====

EN
Arrange electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing wavelength.

中
請將下列電磁波依波長由短到長排列。

===== Energy∝1λ\text{Energy} \propto \frac{1}{\lambda}Energy∝λ1 =====

===== - 能量高 → 波長短 =====
* 順序為：

===== ✅ ultraviolet < visible < infrared =====

==== ### ====

EN
What fraction of the ground-state ionization energy of hydrogen is released when an electron drops from n = 3 to n = 1?

中
氫原子電子由 n=3 躍遷到 n=1 所釋放的能量，佔基態游離能的幾分之幾？

===== En=−13.6n2 eVE_n = -\frac{13.6}{n^2}\,\text{eV}En=−n213.6eV =====

===== - IE = 13.6 eV =====
* ΔE = 13.6(1 − 1/9)

=89×13.6= \frac{8}{9} \times 13.6=98×13.6

===== ✅ d. 8/9 =====

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EN
What is the ground-state electron configuration of tellurium (Te)?

中
碲（Te）的基態電子組態為何？

===== - Te：Z = 52 =====
* 依能階填入：

[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p4[Kr]\,5s^2\,4d^{10}\,5p^4[Kr]5s24d105p4

===== ✅ c. [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁴ =====

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EN
Arrange the following in order of increasing first ionization energy.

中
請將下列元素依第一游離能由小到大排列。

===== - 同週期向右 ↑ =====
* N → O 有小例外，但仍遞增

===== ✅ Li < N < O < F =====

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EN
Which electromagnetic radiation is required to ionize Li²⁺?

中
使 Li²⁺ 再失去一個電子需要哪一種電磁波？

===== - Li²⁺ 類似氫樣離子 =====
* 核電荷高 → IE 非常大
* 需極高能量光子

===== ✅ a. X-ray =====