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Openai/692451a2-4ecc-800b-b601-8d7b09eea462
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====== 4. 服务器高级话题与错误处理 ====== * '''错误检查:''' 必须始终检查所有系统调用的返回值(如 socket、bind、listen、accept、send),以处理可能发生的网络错误 。 * '''端口重用:''' 当服务器关闭后立即重启时,由于'''绑定端口有延时'''(约30秒),bind() 调用可能会失败("Address already in use") 。 * '''解决方法:''' 在调用 bind() 前,使用 setsockopt(listener_d, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, ...) 设置套接字的 '''SO\_REUSEADDR 选项''',允许重新使用已绑定的端口 。 * '''处理多客户端:''' * 单个进程的服务器在处理一个客户端时,其他客户端会被阻塞 。 * '''解决方案:''' 使用 fork() 系统调用,在接收到连接后,'''克隆一个独立的子进程'''来处理与该客户端的对话 。 * 分派后,父进程关闭用于对话的副套接字(connect_d),子进程关闭主监听套接字(listener_d)。
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