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=== 心理因素 === * '''童年创伤与不良经历:''' 早年经历在焦虑形成中扮演重要角色。如果童年时期经历过'''虐待、丧亲、重大变故或其他创伤事件''',个体日后罹患焦虑障碍的风险会明显升高 (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。童年时期缺乏安全感的环境,会让人对世界产生持续的威胁感。此外,从小目睹父母或重要他人表现出焦虑,也可能习得类似的应对方式。 * '''个性特质和认知模式:''' 某些人格特质的人更容易产生焦虑。比如,'''完美主义'''者容易对自己要求苛刻,过度担心犯错;'''高度敏感'''或'''悲观倾向'''的人,往往把中性事件解读为危险。在认知层面上,焦虑者常出现思维偏差——如'''灾难化思考'''(总是往最坏方向想)或'''低估自身应对能力''' (焦虑症成因解析:从生理到心理的全面探讨-心理文库-汉程心理)。这些扭曲的认知方式让人对环境的威胁评估过高、对自身能力评估过低,从而陷入持续的担忧。 * '''应激与心理压力:''' 当前的心理压力事件也会直接诱发焦虑。重大生活事件(如离婚、失业、重大疾病、失去亲友)常成为焦虑发作的导火索 ( 焦虑和广泛性焦虑症 (GAD) |Anxiety and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) | Chinese )。即便是一些积极事件(如筹备婚礼、升职、新生儿降临)也可能因为需要适应变化而引发压力,从而出现焦虑反应 ( 焦虑和广泛性焦虑症 (GAD) |Anxiety and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) | Chinese )。当一个人压力累积过多又缺乏释放渠道时,焦虑情绪就容易“溢出”而形成焦虑症状 (焦虑症成因解析:从生理到心理的全面探讨-心理文库-汉程心理)。换言之,心理承受能力与压力源的此消彼长,决定了焦虑是否会发展为病理状态。
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