Editing Openai/684c8efd-d510-8009-9dd1-58649bff873c (section)

=== Assistant: Understood — let's focus solely on structural operation: countries with genuine state ownership of resources and enterp… ===
Understood — let's focus solely on '''structural operation''': countries with '''genuine state ownership of resources and enterprises''', '''extensive public goods provision''', and '''central planning serving the public''', ''regardless'' of size or investment scale.

==== - '''SOEs''': ~867,000 state-owned firms in banking, energy, transport, telecoms, etc. fourweekmba.com<ref>{{cite web|title=fourweekmba.com|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_China|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> ====
* '''Public impact''': SOEs contribute ~66–68% of GDP, fund infrastructure and disaster response, support provincial redistribution

==== - '''SOEs''': Complete nationalization — all land, industry, utilities, transport, housing, healthcare, education under state control ====
* '''Public impact''': Universal free healthcare/education, state-assigned housing/jobs — a fully planned public system

==== - '''SOEs''': Entire sectors nationalized — agriculture, healthcare, education, housing, utilities reddit.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reddit.com|url=https://bobocheesechimp.medium.com/how-sweden-built-up-its-public-wealth-socialization-in-sweden-91d156e8c31|publisher=bobocheesechimp.medium.com|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>ebsco.com<ref>{{cite web|title=ebsco.com|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/EconomicHistory/comments/m43vkt|publisher=reddit.com|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> ====
* '''Public impact''': Free from kindergarten through university, universal healthcare, no homelessness

==== - '''SOEs''': Present in ~90% of economic sectors: energy, transport, telecom, banking elibrary.imf.org<ref>{{cite web|title=elibrary.imf.org|url=https://fourweekmba.com/state-capitalism/|publisher=fourweekmba.com|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> ====
* '''Public impact''': SOEs fund rural development, social welfare, and national planning objectives

==== - '''SOEs''': ~70% of economy state-owned in heavy industry, banking, energy, transport, communications ====
* '''Public impact''': Revenues flow into subsidized healthcare, education, public infrastructure

==== - '''SOEs''': ~4,100 state firms including dominant oil/gas, banking, utilities investopedia.com<ref>{{cite web|title=investopedia.com|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_Russia|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> ====
* '''Public impact''': SOE-generated revenues underpin pensions, healthcare, regional investments

==== - '''SOEs''': PDVSA nationalized oil (since 1976); by 2007 >90% of industry in state hands oecd.org<ref>{{cite web|title=oecd.org|url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/ownership-and-governance-of-state-owned-enterprises-2024_395c9956-en.html|publisher=oecd.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>ebsco.com<ref>{{cite web|title=ebsco.com|url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/nationalization|publisher=ebsco.com|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> ====
* '''Public impact''': Oil revenues historically funded education, healthcare, housing (pre-crisis)

==== - '''SOEs''': Gas, oil, lithium industries nationalized under MAS government ====
* '''Public impact''': State revenue supported pensions, rural programs, Indigenous development

==== - '''SOEs''': Fully state-owned oil giants (Aramco, SABIC), airlines, utilities reddit.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reddit.com|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/EconomicHistory/comments/m43vkt|publisher=reddit.com|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>everything.explained.today<ref>{{cite web|title=everything.explained.today|url=https://everything.explained.today/State-owned_enterprise/|publisher=everything.explained.today|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> ====
* '''Public impact''': Revenue funds universal citizen benefits: housing, healthcare, education

==== - '''SOEs''': In the 1970s, ~70 SOEs in steel, telecoms, airlines, banking, utilities, housing bobocheesechimp.medium.com<ref>{{cite web|title=bobocheesechimp.medium.com|url=https://bobocheesechimp.medium.com/how-sweden-built-up-its-public-wealth-socialization-in-sweden-91d156e8c31|publisher=bobocheesechimp.medium.com|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> ====
* Public impact: Public sector employment >38%, universal welfare services—healthcare, housing, pensions

===== 1. Total nationalization – countries where entire sectors (sometimes the whole economy) are publicly owned. =====
# Public goods delivered – real universal services provided directly by SOE revenues.
# Central planning orientation – economic activity coordinated for public welfare, not shareholder profit.

===== This list focuses purely on observable structure: =====
* Owned-enough-to-count: presence of nationalized industries
* Public redistribution: clear flows from SOEs into universal services
* Planning aim: orientation toward “by and for the people,” not maximum profit

===== - Sources of revenue and budget allocations =====
* Breadth and quality of public housing, healthcare, education
* Structural reforms and current status of SOEs

Happy to dive deeper into any!