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Openai/695a53ec-35f0-8007-ad35-5c449df11377
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===== 3) Immune imprinting (a.k.a. “original antigenic sin”) and variant-era effects ===== Prior exposure (infection or vaccination) can bias later responses toward the first Spike version the immune system learned, which can affect how well antibodies target new variants. This phenomenon is discussed as immune imprinting/original antigenic sin in SARS-CoV-2. PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8500682/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> Key nuance: imprinting doesn’t mean “no protection.” It’s more about which antibody lineages dominate after boosting, and it can interact with vaccine updates/variant exposure.
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