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=== 生理因素 === * '''遗传易感性:''' 焦虑障碍在家庭中有一定遗传倾向。如果直系亲属中有人患焦虑症,自己罹患焦虑的风险会增加。研究表明,与您关系密切的家庭成员中若有人患广泛性焦虑症,您发生焦虑症的可能性是常人的 4~6 倍 ( 焦虑和广泛性焦虑症 (GAD) |Anxiety and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) | Chinese )。当然,没有某个单一的“焦虑基因”直接导致疾病,而是多个基因各自产生微小影响,叠加提高了风险 ( 焦虑和广泛性焦虑症 (GAD) |Anxiety and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) | Chinese )。 * '''神经生化因素:''' 脑内神经递质水平失衡被认为与焦虑症有关。焦虑患者体内'''去甲肾上腺素、血清素'''等递质可能出现异常 (焦虑症成因解析:从生理到心理的全面探讨-心理文库-汉程心理)。这些化学物质负责调节情绪和应激反应,若失去平衡,可能使人更易紧张不安。此外,大脑中负责处理恐惧的区域(如杏仁核)反应过度,也会导致过度的焦虑警觉性 (探究童年创伤与社交焦虑的深层关联 - HAPDAY) (揭示根源:童年创伤与社交焦虑的深层关联 - HAPDAY)。 * '''躯体健康因素:''' 一些生理疾病或状态也会诱发或加重焦虑症状 (焦虑症成因解析:从生理到心理的全面探讨-心理文库-汉程心理)。例如,甲状腺功能亢进会引起心慌、易紧张的表现;肾上腺肿瘤会过度分泌肾上腺素,使人持续处于“紧张待战”状态 (焦虑症成因解析:从生理到心理的全面探讨-心理文库-汉程心理)。另外,慢性疼痛、哮喘、心脏病等慢性疾病带来的生理压力,也可能通过提升整体压力水平而诱发焦虑。需要注意的是,有时焦虑症本身没有明确诱因,却可能由机体内在的生理易感性所驱动。
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