Editing Openai/684c8efd-d510-8009-9dd1-58649bff873c (section)

=== Assistant: Here’s the revised top countries, ordered by scale and real impact of SOEs, nationalized industries, public goods/servi… ===
Here’s the revised '''top countries''', ordered by '''scale and real impact of SOEs, nationalized industries, public goods/services, and central planning “by and for the people”'''—based on OECD-style breadth, number/value of SOEs, and social redistribution:

==== - '''SOE scale''': ~867,000 firms with state ownership in nearly ''all'' major sectors—banking, energy, telecoms, transport, heavy industry—making it the world’s largest SOE system . ====
* '''Public goods''': SOEs carry the legacy of the “iron rice bowl” (housing, medical care, pensions), fund infrastructure in poorer provinces, and channel profits directly into public budgets en.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_China|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>.

==== - '''Scope''': Highest OECD “scope of SOEs” score (5.9/6), meaning state control across virtually all economic sectors rooseveltinstitute.org<ref>{{cite web|title=rooseveltinstitute.org|url=https://rooseveltinstitute.org/publications/the-role-of-state-ownership/|publisher=rooseveltinstitute.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>. ====
* '''Public investment''': SOEs active in electricity, transport, banking, natural resources—profits help fund public infrastructure and services.

==== - '''Scale''': SOEs present in ~90% of economic sectors, from energy to finance reddit.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reddit.com|url=https://rooseveltinstitute.org/publications/the-role-of-state-ownership/|publisher=rooseveltinstitute.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>. ====
* '''Public goods''': Profits support rural/agriculture programs, healthcare, education, and infrastructure under long-term national development plans.

==== - '''SOE presence''': ~4,100 enterprises with state ownership, controlling 47% of oil/gas, 64% of banking, 37% of utilities, and 40% of stock market cap en.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_Russia|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>. ====
* '''State role''': Major revenue from oil & gas SOEs fund national health, pensions, and regional budgets.

==== - '''Ownership''': State holds ~35% of listed companies by market cap, plus direct ownership via SDFI in energy; SOEs employ ~10–13% of non-agricultural workforce—the highest among OECD en.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Norway|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>. ====
* '''Redistribution''': Fossil‑fuel SOEs (Equinor, Statkraft) finance the sovereign wealth fund, funding universal healthcare, education, and pensions.

==== - '''SOE dominance''': National Iranian Oil Company (fully state‑owned, ~2.4 mbpd), plus national control over petrochemicals, banking, utilities en.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/121715/worlds-biggest-state-owned-oil-companies.asp|publisher=investopedia.com|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>. ====
* '''Public provision''': Oil revenues, despite sanctions, support subsidized healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

==== - '''SOEs''': Saudi Aramco (~13 mbpd) and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company are fully state-controlled reddit.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reddit.com|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Enough_Sanders_Spam/comments/d030bh|publisher=reddit.com|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>. ====
* '''Welfare''': Profits directly fund public housing, free healthcare, education, and subsidies for citizens.

==== - '''Nationalization''': PDVSA and ~90% of industries state-controlled during Chavismo—score high on state control . ====
* '''Social programs''': For years SOE revenues funded healthcare, education, subsidized food, housing (despite recent crises).

==== - '''SOE strategy''': Nationalized gas, energy, and lithium under MAS; revenues fund social programs, pensions, healthcare, and indigenous communities. ====

==== - '''Public spectrum''': Major SOEs across utilities, transport, mining, finance—like Eskom, Transnet, SAA, PetroSA—employing huge workforces en.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref>. ====
* Public impact: SOE revenue supports social infrastructure, though performance has varied.

===== Countries with significant SOE influence and public services, but slightly smaller scale: =====
* Cuba: Fully nationalized, free public services—education, healthcare, housing—despite sanctions.
* North Korea: Fully nationalized, universal provisioning, though opaque.
* Laos, Eritrea, Syria (pre-war): Nationalized sectors funding social provision.
* Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan: Market-oriented but with large GLCs and public welfare infrastructure.

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===== - Breadth of SOE presence (number of sectors controlled). =====
* Economic scale/value of SOEs (market cap, revenue, employment).
* Direct social redistribution (profits funding public welfare, universal services, infrastructure).
* Central planning intent—not token state shares, but real public-sector control.

Let me know if you'd like to dive into any country’s SOEs, how much revenue goes to public budgets, and what social outcomes result.