Editing Openai/695ac389-b450-800e-a8b3-540cf70d0ecc (section)

===== The core idea behind these research directions is that allowing an LLM to decline to answer—or to output “I don’t know” / “None of the above” rather than inventing a response—can improve model reliability and user trust. This is especially valuable in high-stakes or factual tasks where incorrect answers are harmful. The academic work above is where this approach is being formalized, evaluated, and benchmarked. arXiv<ref>{{cite web|title=arXiv|url=https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17170|publisher=arxiv.org|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> =====

If you want links to the actual papers or summaries of their methods (e.g., how ABCA works internally), let me know!