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蚂蚁会自杀么
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=== 寄生诱导的自杀行为 === 某些情况下,动物的自杀并非出于自身繁衍利益,而是受寄生生物操控,被“诱导”做出自杀式行为: * '''“僵尸蚂蚁”''':被寄生真菌感染的蚂蚁就是典型例子。著名的'''虫草真菌(Ophiocordyceps)感染蚂蚁后,会劫持宿主的神经行为,使蚂蚁离开巢穴,爬到高处紧咬植物不动,最终在适宜高度死亡 (Parasite Causes Zombie Ants To Die In An Ideal Spot | ScienceDaily)。蚂蚁死后真菌从尸体长出子实体,从高处散播孢子感染更多蚂蚁 (Parasite Causes Zombie Ants To Die In An Ideal Spot | ScienceDaily)。从蚂蚁自身角度看,这种行为等同被寄生虫“谋杀”,并无自我获益。但在表现形式上,却仿佛蚂蚁“自我了断”在完成某种使命。类似的还有被寄生虫马陆线虫感染的螳螂会跳水淹死自己,感染弓形虫的老鼠会主动送死给猫等等。这些行为的进化意义完全属于寄生者''':寄生虫操控宿主自杀,以利于自身生活史的完成 (Animal suicide - Wikipedia)。宿主则是演化的牺牲品。 * '''传说与未证实的案例''':历史上也有动物“自杀”的传闻,如传说中'''旅鼠集体跳崖'''(实则与生态压力和迁徙迷向有关,并非主动求死),以及个别报道的宠物狗因主人去世郁郁而终、自沉水中等等 (Animal suicide - Wikipedia)。例如19世纪就有报道描述一只纽芬兰犬在主人亡故后'''多次跳入水中试图淹死自己'''的故事 (Animal suicide - Wikipedia)。还有海豚表演明星“Kathy”(美剧《海豚Flipper》的主角)在失去表演生涯后下沉水底憋气自杀的说法 (Animal suicide - Wikipedia)。然而,这些案例多为'''轶事''',缺乏严谨的科学验证,其动机难以确定。科学家指出,要证明动物真正“自杀”(以结束自己生命为目的)非常困难,因为这涉及动物对自我和死亡概念的理解 (Animal suicide - Wikipedia)。多数此类行为更可能是重度压力或抑郁导致的'''自我伤害''',而非有意识的求死决定 (Animal suicide - Wikipedia)。
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