Editing Openai/6962116e-63d8-800f-ad10-77d861ed4b8a (section)

==== 2) Medical Model vs Social Model ====

Medical Emphasis (e.g., ''NOS4A2''):
• Disability is rooted in bodily impairment independent of environment.
• Environment (like ramps vs stairs) doesn’t create disability — bodily limits do.
• Accessible design and disability support are morally justified but do not change the fact of impairment. The Philosophy Forum<ref>{{cite web|title=The Philosophy Forum|url=https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/16296/disability|publisher=The Philosophy Forum|access-date=2026-01-11}}</ref>

Social Model (e.g., ''Banno, Moliere''):
• Disability is produced by societal structures and expectations — disability is the gap between human variation and social design.
• Stairs exclude wheelchair users not because bodies cannot perform tasks, but because society chooses norms that accommodate some bodies and not others.
• Rejects the presumption that disability is inherently negative, and centres capabilities instead. The Philosophy Forum<ref>{{cite web|title=The Philosophy Forum|url=https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/16296/disability/p1|publisher=The Philosophy Forum|access-date=2026-01-11}}</ref>

Disagreement Between Models:
• Some argue the social model obscures real bodily limits (medical facts), while others argue the medical model underplays social barriers.
• Debate centres on whether incapacity is intrinsic to the body or produced by social organization. The Philosophy Forum<ref>{{cite web|title=The Philosophy Forum|url=https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/16296/disability|publisher=The Philosophy Forum|access-date=2026-01-11}}</ref>