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Openai/69278a9d-71d8-800a-b431-8009c2ffdf4f
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==== 以下是導致目前德國經濟趨勢的主要因素/挑戰: ==== ===== 德國長期依靠製造業、出口導向驅動經濟,但過去幾年中,全球需求疲軟、能源價格上漲、競爭加劇,讓德國工業(尤其是汽車、傳統重工業)大受衝擊。2024 年製造業與能源密集產業成長顯著下滑。 衛報<ref>{{cite web|title=衛報|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/15/german-economy-shrinks-for-second-year-in-a-row-2024|publisher=theguardian.com|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> ===== 此外,營建業也受原料價格高與利率上升影響,建案減少。 衛報<ref>{{cite web|title=衛報|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/15/german-economy-shrinks-for-second-year-in-a-row-2024|publisher=theguardian.com|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> ===== 過去俄烏戰爭後,歐洲包含德國在內皆面臨能源價格飆漲,加重企業成本與家庭支出負擔。這抑制投資、削弱消費,導致經濟活力減弱。 多數經濟展望文件均將能源價格與全球供應鏈不穩列為主要風險來源。 德國中央銀行<ref>{{cite web|title=德國中央銀行|url=https://www.bundesbank.de/en/press/press-releases/the-bundesbank-s-forecast-for-germany-economy-struggling-with-persistent-headwinds-947562|publisher=bundesbank.de|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> ===== ===== 國際貿易與全球供應鏈變動,加上美國等地可能的保護主義(關稅、貿易壁壘),使德國出口與製造業面臨壓力。這對依賴出口的經濟結構而言是一大挑戰。 德國中央銀行<ref>{{cite web|title=德國中央銀行|url=https://www.bundesbank.de/en/press/press-releases/the-bundesbank-s-forecast-for-germany-economic-recovery-slowly-getting-started-959308|publisher=bundesbank.de|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> ===== ===== 德國面臨人口老化、勞動力減少的問題;加上傳統產業的競爭力下降,新興產業與數位轉型相對滯後,使得經濟結構轉型壓力大。這些結構性問題限制了德國恢復高速成長的潛力。 德國中央銀行<ref>{{cite web|title=德國中央銀行|url=https://www.bundesbank.de/en/press/press-releases/the-bundesbank-s-forecast-for-germany-economy-struggling-with-persistent-headwinds-947562|publisher=bundesbank.de|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> ===== ===== 即使公部門開始大規模投資,但私部門企業投資在短期仍偏保守 — 尤其在不確定性高、訂單不足、全球需求疲弱的情況下。這使得整體投資動能不足。 德國中央銀行<ref>{{cite web|title=德國中央銀行|url=https://www.bundesbank.de/en/press/press-releases/the-bundesbank-s-forecast-for-germany-economic-recovery-slowly-getting-started-959308|publisher=bundesbank.de|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> =====
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