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=== 心理症状 === * '''持续的担忧和恐惧:''' 患者常常无法摆脱紧张不安的情绪,脑海中反复出现最坏的设想,对未来充满不确定感和恐惧 ( 焦虑症 )。这种过度担心往往与现实情境不匹配,却难以通过理性思考来缓解。 * '''注意力不集中:''' 在焦虑状态下,很难将注意力集中在当前任务上,思绪容易被担忧的事情占据。患者可能难以做决定,思考问题变得困难 ( 焦虑症 )。 * '''易激惹和紧张不安:''' 焦虑的人常描述自己“神经紧绷”、“坐立不安”。他们可能变得容易烦躁,对小事就感到生气或沮丧 (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。同时主观上有紧张感,难以放松下来。 * '''恐惧感和灾难化思维:''' 很多人在焦虑发作时会有一种'''迫在眉睫的危险或厄运感''',似乎某件可怕的事情马上要发生 (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。即使并无明显威胁,内心也充满恐慌,担心失控或出现崩溃。 * '''回避行为:''' 出于对焦虑发作的强烈恐惧,患者可能急切地想避免任何触发焦虑的情境或事物 (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。例如社交焦虑者会回避聚会,人群恐惧者尽量不去商场等。这种回避虽然短期内缓解了焦虑,但长期看会使问题加重。 * '''睡眠问题:''' 焦虑常常影响睡眠。患者可能难以入睡、易惊醒或睡眠不踏实,因为上床后大脑依然在过度活跃地担心各种问题 ( 焦虑症 ) (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。长期失眠又会加重白天的焦虑,形成恶性循环。
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