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=== Assistant: The relationship between the United States and Venezuela is a long, complicated mix of cooperation, conflict, ideology,… === The relationship between the United States and Venezuela is a long, complicated mix of cooperation, conflict, ideology, and oil politics. Here’s a clear, structured overview—historical, political, economic, and where things stand today. ==== ### ==== !https://upload\.wikimedia\.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Venezuela\_historic\_inflation\_index\_and\_oil\_revenue\.png<ref>{{cite web|title=https://upload\.wikimedia\.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Venezuela\_historic\_inflation\_index\_and\_oil\_revenue\.png|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Venezuela_historic_inflation_index_and_oil_revenue.png|publisher=upload.wikimedia.org|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> !https://www\.usimportdata\.com/blogs/uploads/images/202412/image\_750x\_6752cd205b3b1\.png<ref>{{cite web|title=https://www\.usimportdata\.com/blogs/uploads/images/202412/image\_750x\_6752cd205b3b1\.png|url=https://www.usimportdata.com/blogs/uploads/images/202412/image_750x_6752cd205b3b1.png|publisher=usimportdata.com|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> !https://cdn\.britannica\.com/76/72976\-138\-55EFC1D3/Caracas\-Venezuela\.jpg<ref>{{cite web|title=https://cdn\.britannica\.com/76/72976\-138\-55EFC1D3/Caracas\-Venezuela\.jpg|url=https://cdn.britannica.com/76/72976-138-55EFC1D3/Caracas-Venezuela.jpg|publisher=cdn.britannica.com|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> * For much of the 20th century, relations were pragmatic and cooperative. * Venezuela was: - One of the world’s major oil exporters - A stable democracy (after 1958) - A key supplier of oil to the US * US companies (Exxon, Chevron, etc.) had major investments in Venezuelan oil. In short: oil + anti-communist alignment = good relations. ===== !https://i\.guim\.co\.uk/img/static/sys\-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2006/09/21/chavezUNchom\_372\.jpg?crop=none&dpr=1&s=none&width=465<ref>{{cite web|title=https://i\.guim\.co\.uk/img/static/sys\-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2006/09/21/chavezUNchom\_372\.jpg?crop=none&dpr=1&s=none&width=465|url=https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2006/09/21/chavezUNchom_372.jpg?crop=none&dpr=1&s=none&width=465|publisher=i.guim.co.uk|date=2006-09-21|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> ===== !https://www\.gainesville\.com/gcdn/authoring/2007/11/17/NTGS/ghows\-LK\-717c4cde\-9a4b\-46e6\-b192\-ba46797d0699\-da380531\.jpeg?auto=webp&disable=upscale&format=pjpg&width=1200<ref>{{cite web|title=https://www\.gainesville\.com/gcdn/authoring/2007/11/17/NTGS/ghows\-LK\-717c4cde\-9a4b\-46e6\-b192\-ba46797d0699\-da380531\.jpeg?auto=webp&disable=upscale&format=pjpg&width=1200|url=https://images.openai.com/thumbnails/url/iP_B33icu5mZUVJSUGylr5-al1xUWVCSmqJbkpRnoJdeXJJYkpmsl5yfq5-Zm5ieWmxfaAuUsXL0S7F0Tw5OKSr2MC5yTiwKiTKqsDDNrkosdfOPt6yKKAktLYjPd0qtKCi1KKh0K9X11fVIqihWKwYAd7QnPA|publisher=images.openai.com|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> !https://cdnuploads\.aa\.com\.tr/uploads/Contents/2019/02/02/thumbs\_b\_c\_6bf49567e3c2f9d2f42986bb98d58566\.jpg?v=225900<ref>{{cite web|title=https://cdnuploads\.aa\.com\.tr/uploads/Contents/2019/02/02/thumbs\_b\_c\_6bf49567e3c2f9d2f42986bb98d58566\.jpg?v=225900|url=https://cdnuploads.aa.com.tr/uploads/Contents/2019/02/02/thumbs_b_c_6bf49567e3c2f9d2f42986bb98d58566.jpg?v=225900|publisher=cdnuploads.aa.com.tr|date=2019-02-02|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> * Hugo Chávez came to power in 1999. * He launched the “Bolivarian Revolution”: - Socialist ideology - Strong anti-US rhetoric - Nationalization of oil and key industries * Chávez positioned Venezuela as: - A leader of anti-US, anti-imperialist politics - Ally of Cuba, Iran, Russia, China US perspective: * Concern over: - Democratic backsliding - Nationalization of US assets - Regional influence against US interests From here on, relations steadily deteriorated. ===== !https://npr\.brightspotcdn\.com/dims4/default/303672e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5422x3615%2B0%2B0/resize/880x587%21/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr\-brightspot\.s3\.amazonaws\.com%2F71%2F9a%2Fa8c6c6574b78bfdffe90c42bc10a%2Faptopix\-venezuela\-maduro\-rally\-25344723501248\.jpg<ref>{{cite web|title=https://npr\.brightspotcdn\.com/dims4/default/303672e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5422x3615%2B0%2B0/resize/880x587%21/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr\-brightspot\.s3\.amazonaws\.com%2F71%2F9a%2Fa8c6c6574b78bfdffe90c42bc10a%2Faptopix\-venezuela\-maduro\-rally\-25344723501248\.jpg|url=https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/303672e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5422x3615%2B0%2B0/resize/880x587%21/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F71%2F9a%2Fa8c6c6574b78bfdffe90c42bc10a%2Faptopix-venezuela-maduro-rally-25344723501248.jpg|publisher=npr.brightspotcdn.com|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> ===== !https://ichef\.bbci\.co\.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/7822/production/\_105345703\_venezuela\-inflation\_v3\_976\-nc\.png\.webp<ref>{{cite web|title=https://ichef\.bbci\.co\.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/7822/production/\_105345703\_venezuela\-inflation\_v3\_976\-nc\.png\.webp|url=https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/7822/production/_105345703_venezuela-inflation_v3_976-nc.png.webp|publisher=ichef.bbci.co.uk|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> !https://www\.brookings\.edu/wp\-content/uploads/2018/04/global\_venezuelanrefugees\_colombianborder\.jpg<ref>{{cite web|title=https://www\.brookings\.edu/wp\-content/uploads/2018/04/global\_venezuelanrefugees\_colombianborder\.jpg|url=https://tse2.mm.bing.net/th/id/OIP.y9z_VX9eF9sn7zJe8jP61QHaE8?cb=ucfimg2&ucfimg=1&w=474&h=379&c=7&p=0|publisher=tse2.mm.bing.net|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> * After Chávez’s death, Nicolás Maduro took over. * Venezuela experienced: - Economic collapse (hyperinflation, shortages) - Mass emigration (7–8 million people) - Accusations of authoritarianism and electoral fraud US response: * Sanctions on: - Venezuelan oil - State institutions - Key individuals * Recognition (2019) of opposition leader Juan Guaidó as interim president (no longer active now) Venezuela’s response: * Deeper ties with Russia, China, Iran * Framing the crisis as US economic warfare ===== !https://www\.chevron\.com/\-/media/chevron/worldwide/images/updated\_venuzuela\_hero\_img\.jpg?h=882&hash=A78EC32E7DB94D5B26250EE05311D493&la=en&w=1568<ref>{{cite web|title=https://www\.chevron\.com/\-/media/chevron/worldwide/images/updated\_venuzuela\_hero\_img\.jpg?h=882&hash=A78EC32E7DB94D5B26250EE05311D493&la=en&w=1568|url=https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/worldwide/images/updated_venuzuela_hero_img.jpg?h=882&hash=A78EC32E7DB94D5B26250EE05311D493&la=en&w=1568|publisher=chevron.com|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> ===== !https://www\.miamiherald\.com/public/latest\-news/na3su5/picture299541614/alternates/LANDSCAPE\_1140/Richard%20Grenell%20at%20Miraflores\.jpg<ref>{{cite web|title=https://www\.miamiherald\.com/public/latest\-news/na3su5/picture299541614/alternates/LANDSCAPE\_1140/Richard%20Grenell%20at%20Miraflores\.jpg|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/public/latest-news/na3su5/picture299541614/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1140/Richard%20Grenell%20at%20Miraflores.jpg|publisher=miamiherald.com|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> !https://cdn\.cfr\.org/sites/default/files/styles/immersive\_image\_3\_2\_desktop\_2x/public/image/2019/01/Opec\.webp<ref>{{cite web|title=https://cdn\.cfr\.org/sites/default/files/styles/immersive\_image\_3\_2\_desktop\_2x/public/image/2019/01/Opec\.webp|url=https://images.openai.com/thumbnails/url/NU8Gc3icu5mVUVJSUGylr5-al1xUWVCSmqJbkpRnoJdeXJJYkpmsl5yfq5-Zm5ieWmxfaAuUsXL0S7F0Tw5KtMzzzK309io2DXcOcPWOqqjKqfD1DUoJDTD08_IJiQjNDSv2D8gO8tQ1qYqMSssqUSsGAIc9Jq8|publisher=images.openai.com|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref> Despite hostile rhetoric, reality is more nuanced: * US sanctions hurt Venezuela badly, but: - Internal mismanagement and corruption were also central causes * After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the US: - Quietly allowed limited oil cooperation - Gave Chevron partial licenses to operate in Venezuela * The US goal shifted from “regime change” to: - Preventing humanitarian collapse - Managing migration - Stabilizing oil markets So the relationship today is hostile in principle, pragmatic in practice. ===== US view of Venezuela ===== * An authoritarian state * A source of: - Regional instability - Migration pressure - Influence from US rivals (Russia, China) Venezuelan government view of the US * An imperial power * Responsible for: - Sanctions - Economic hardship - Attempts to overthrow the government Both narratives contain partial truths. ===== - This is not just a bilateral dispute. ===== * It sits at the intersection of: - Energy politics - Ideology (socialism vs liberal democracy) - Global power competition * Neither side fully trusts the other, but neither can completely disengage. If you’d like, I can: * Compare Venezuela with Cuba or Iran in US foreign policy * Explain sanctions mechanics in plain terms * Discuss whether Venezuela could realistically recover—and under what conditions * Frame this from a global South or non-US-centric perspective Just tell me which angle you’re curious about.
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