Editing Openai/67de0482-351c-8002-b540-3380139cb465 (section)

==== These statutes allow individuals or groups to sue for constitutional violations. ====

===== - Allows: Lawsuits against state and local officials (including police) for violating constitutional rights. =====
* Remedies: Monetary damages, injunctive relief, and attorneys' fees.
* Key Cases: - Monell v. Department of Social Services (1978) – Established that municipalities can be sued under § 1983 for systemic constitutional violations. - Gonzaga Univ. v. Doe (2002) – Clarified when private parties can sue under § 1983.

===== - Crime: Two or more people conspiring to deny equal protection of the laws to a group. =====
* Scope: - Used against hate groups, political suppression, and racial discrimination. - Can apply to private actors if their actions are racially or class-based.
* Remedy: Civil lawsuits seeking damages.

===== - Crime: If a person (usually a government official) knows about a § 1985 conspiracy and fails to prevent it. =====
* Penalty: - Civil liability for damages. - Often used in cases where officials ignored systemic rights violations (e.g., refusing to stop racist policies).