Editing Openai/69619025-3160-8008-8b49-bcd435b43b90 (section)

==== 3. How other parts of the world handle this differently ====

Here’s where your intuition really aligns with reality.

===== 🇬🇧 UK =====
* Police almost never use lethal force against drivers at low speed
* Vehicles are not automatically treated as deadly weapons
* Officers are trained to move aside, disengage, pursue later
* Shooting a driver for idle-speed contact would almost certainly be ruled unlawful

Key principle: proportionality based on actual, not hypothetical, lethality.

===== 🇩🇪 Germany =====
* Strong emphasis on Verhältnismäßigkeit (proportionality)
* Lethal force allowed only when imminent, concrete danger to life
* Low-speed vehicle contact → treated as coercion or assault, not lethal threat
* Police are expected to yield physically and resolve later

===== 🇫🇷 France =====
* Somewhere in between
* Vehicle may justify firearms only if acceleration toward officers is clear
* Idle-speed pushing → generally not lethal-force justified
* Post-2017 laws expanded police firearm authority, but still more restrictive than U.S.

===== 🇯🇵 Japan =====
* Extremely restrictive
* Police are trained to avoid positioning themselves in front of vehicles
* Lethal force against a slow-moving car would be extraordinary
* Emphasis on containment, later arrest