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==== 4. 為什麼市場討論護城河時會一直講 CUDA? ==== 因為軟體生態 + 開發者心智佔領這兩件事,是可以「跨硬體世代繼續收稅」的。 NVIDIA 現在在做的是: * 不只是賣 GPU,而是賣整套: - CUDA + cuDNN + TensorRT - NVIDIA NIM / 推論服務 / AI Enterprise - 網路(InfiniBand / Spectrum-X) - library(各行各業 domain-specific 的 SDK) 這帶來幾件事: # 當別人做出「硬體相近」的卡時,軟體還是 NVIDIA 的強項 - 你要跑現有一堆 CUDA-based 的東西,換到別家公司卡上,通常要付出轉移成本。 - 這就像以前 x86 vs 其他 CPU;不是你晶片做出來就有人用。 # NVIDIA 可以從「每一台機器」身上多收一層軟體 / 服務錢 - 當硬體毛利被壓,軟體訂閱 / SDK / 平台費用就變成第二個護城河。 - 市場看到這一點,才會說 CUDA 生態是最核心的 valuation driver。 # CUDA 的勝利是「開發者心智」的勝利 - 大部分 AI 工程師一想到「加速某段 code」,第一反應是:用 CUDA / 用 NVIDIA 的 library。 - 這種「預設選擇」一旦形成,你要靠便宜硬體去撼動它,要花的不是錢,是時間 + 鐵血 BD + 生態補貼。 → 所以當大家在討論 NVIDIA 會不會掉下神壇時,會問的是:「CUDA 护城河會被打穿嗎?」而不是「TPU 單價便不便宜?」
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