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仿生自动驾驶
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== 仿生自动驾驶概述 == '''定义与背景''':仿生自动驾驶是指在自动驾驶系统的设计中借鉴生物的感知和控制机制,以提升自主车辆在复杂环境下的感知、决策和运动能力 ( Nature's Blueprint: Self-driving cars inspired by slime mould )。工程师长期以来从大自然汲取灵感,有时称这种方法为'''仿生学'''或'''生物启发式工程''' ( Nature's Blueprint: Self-driving cars inspired by slime mould )。通过研究动物(从昆虫到哺乳动物)的高效感知与行为,我们希望将这些“设计方案”应用到自动驾驶上。例如,飞行昆虫拥有极小的大脑却能以惊人的敏捷度导航,这启发我们开发轻量级且鲁棒的传感器和算法 (Insect-inspired vision for autonomous vehicles - PubMed)。又如,一些哺乳动物(人类在驾驶中利用眼睛和耳朵协同感知;蝙蝠利用超声波“听”见周围环境)展现出卓越的环境感知和决策能力,这些都是仿生自动驾驶的灵感来源。 '''借鉴生物特性''':仿生自动驾驶特别关注昆虫和哺乳动物的感知与控制特性。例如,昆虫的复眼视野广阔且对运动敏感,而哺乳动物的大脑具有学习和记忆能力。我们可以通过模仿昆虫的视觉系统来设计全景相机或事件相机,通过模拟哺乳动物大脑的神经网络来改进自动驾驶AI决策。研究表明,即使是非常简单的生物也能解决复杂问题,比如单细胞黏菌(slime mold)无需“大脑”也能规划出高效的运输网络。这一现象启发了去中心化的路径规划方法:有研究者建议仿照黏菌分散、自适应的方式来设计车队的路径寻找算法,以提高整体交通效率 ( Nature's Blueprint: Self-driving cars inspired by slime mould )。 总的来说,仿生自动驾驶旨在融合'''生物的智慧'''与'''人工的计算'''。通过学习昆虫快速避障、蝙蝠声呐定位、以及人类驾驶决策等机制,我们希望构建更高效、更安全的自动驾驶系统。
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