Editing Openai/6889f15f-fcb0-8003-87d9-1571c30a74bb (section)

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* '''Russia''' continues to escalate hybrid warfare—executing sabotage, energy coercion, and disinformation campaigns. Its cyber activity surged 300% across NATO targets in recent years Business Insider<ref>{{cite web|title=Business Insider|url=https://time.com/7288728/golden-dome-trump-north-korea-russia-china-response-space-militarization/|publisher=Business Insider|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>Atlantic Council<ref>{{cite web|title=Atlantic Council|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/russia-tomorrow/unpacking-russias-cyber-nesting-doll/|publisher=Atlantic Council|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>.
* '''China’s cyber capabilities are now on par''', or in some ways superior—particularly in espionage and influence operations tailored to undermine adversaries' reputations and institutions House Armed Services Committee<ref>{{cite web|title=House Armed Services Committee|url=https://armedservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2025_dia_statement_for_the_record.pdf|publisher=House Armed Services Committee|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>.

====== - '''China''' is aggressively expanding its space warfare capabilities, deploying military satellites and advanced systems at a rapid pace—positioning itself at the forefront of orbital operations GIS Reports<ref>{{cite web|title=GIS Reports|url=https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/china-military-expansion/|publisher=GIS Reports|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>. ======
* '''Russia''' similarly fields modern anti-satellite capabilities and layered missile defense systems, though China’s program appears larger in scale Atlantic Council<ref>{{cite web|title=Atlantic Council|url=https://defensetalks.com/space-as-a-warfighting-domain-the-next-frontier-in-global-military-strategy/|publisher=Atlantic Council|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>.

====== - '''Naval power''': China maintains a growing carrier fleet (including modern J‑15 fighters), outpacing Russia significantly GIS Reports<ref>{{cite web|title=GIS Reports|url=https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/china-military-expansion/|publisher=GIS Reports|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>Wikipedia<ref>{{cite web|title=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang_J-15|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>. ======
* '''UAV & drone developments''': Russia has created a dedicated Unmanned Systems Force in 2025, integrating drones across land, sea, and air theaters, elevating its hybrid warfare capacity Wikipedia<ref>{{cite web|title=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Unmanned_Systems_Forces|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>.
* '''Missile deterrence''': China holds an expanding and increasingly potent ICBM and hypersonic missile capability, with over 500 warheads and growing. Russia remains strong but trailing slightly in modernization Wikipedia<ref>{{cite web|title=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>.

====== - '''China and Russia cooperate tactically''', sharing missile and electronic warfare technology, yet remain competitive—they avoid formal alliance constraints and maintain distinct strategic autonomy CEPA<ref>{{cite web|title=CEPA|url=https://cepa.org/comprehensive-reports/partnership-short-of-alliance-military-cooperation-between-russia-and-china/|publisher=cepa.org|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>. ======