Editing Openai/67fe07f5-ee00-800f-83e4-9849c46b2000 (section)

====== 5. Confronting Contemporary Challenges: Digitalisation, Earth Observation, and the Planetary Crisis ======

Technological advancements—particularly in digitalisation and Earth observation—have transformed the landscape of geo-societal research. This section updates earlier perspectives by addressing how new technology classes (e.g., artificial intelligence, robotics, and remote sensing) are reconfiguring our interactions with the Earth. Here, we explore the dual-use dilemmas of modern research and the necessity for ethical self-awareness in the face of rapidly evolving scientific methods. These challenges underscore the urgency of developing post-normal science approaches that are both reflective and adaptive.