Editing Openai/692f184a-9160-8006-8374-13521ff01276 (section)

=== ### ===

===== — Musaylima, Tulayha, Sajjah, al-Aswad =====
— These fought the state.

===== This group includes: =====
* Banū Tamīm (some clans)
* Banū Asad
* Banū Bakr
* Banū Ghatafān
* Al-Fazārah
* ‘Abs

But the key question:

==== The sources give two contradictory narratives: ====

==== 📚 Ṭabarī narrates (with isnād): ====

: 

This version says they did not accept Madinah’s authority — meaning their refusal was political, not just economic.

==== 📚 Balādhurī states: ====

: 

Balādhurī’s wording indicates:
* They did not reject Islam
* They did not deny zakat as a pillar
* They only rejected State collection

This aligns with your point.

==== This is mostly the position of later jurists, not historians. ====

But the earliest sources do NOT clearly state they became kāfir or apostate.