Editing Openai/69177fbb-14c4-800f-bc57-ccb5a1d88c95 (section)

=== - Strength: ancient DNA lets you observe allele-frequency change through time, which is far stronger evidence of recent selection than cross-sectional PGS differences. Mathieson et al. (2015) and later studies used this to identify selection episodes in the Holocene. PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4918750/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2025-11-17}}</ref> ===
* Limit: linking ancient allele changes to cognition requires mapping modern GWAS hits onto ancient samples—which assumes effect sizes and trait architecture are stable and that the modern phenotype proxy maps cleanly backward. That’s plausible but not airtight.