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Openai/69174844-9774-8012-8b69-32262ca5e35a
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==== ### ==== * 可以在粒子静止系定义态,动量 pμ=(m,0,0,0)p^\mu = (m,0,0,0)pμ=(m,0,0,0)。 * 保持静止动量不变的洛伦兹变换就是 SO(3)(三维旋转)。 * 自旋 s → 2s+1 个自由度(自旋投影 sz=−s,...,ss_z=-s,...,ssz=−s,...,s)。 ===== - 没有静止系,选择参考动量 pμ=(E,0,0,E)p^\mu = (E,0,0,E)pμ=(E,0,0,E)(沿 z 方向)。 ===== * 保持 ppp 不变的变换是 ISO(2)(二维欧几里得群): - 包含旋转 SO(2)SO(2)SO(2) → 对应螺旋度(helicity) - 平移部分 → 可以规掉(非物理自由度) * 结果:无质量粒子只有两个物理自由度(helicity ±s)。 :
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